Hedera helix - European ivy

Description and Uses

Hedera helix (European ivy) is a temperate vine from North West Europe . It is mainly grown for its ornamental crops , which have a medium shelf life. The crop is harvested by total removing. It starts flowering after 5 - 15 years. The yield will be {missing data}, but in its top season there will be a yield of {missing data}. Other crop types include; ornamental, . The {missing data} is used as {missing data} . The {missing data} is used as " {missing data} " with {missing data} ({missing data} - {missing data}) as its significant phytochemical. There is {missing data} extracted by {missing data} from the vine's {missing data} yielding {missing data} - {missing data} oil. The vine's wood is called {missing data} and has a density of 520 - 540 kg/m³. Regarding firewood production the vine's growing speed is fast, it's energetic value is 3400 ckal/kg and the wood's drying speed is {missing data}. After 120 years the vine can be totally removed as it reached its commercial and ecological goal. Hedera helix has a lifespan of 120 years.

Environmental limitations

The vine is 20 meters tall with a crown of 1 meters wide. The vine prefers a planting distance of 50 cm and a row distance of 300 cm. It is very fast growing and shade tolerant. Hedera helix has a shallow root-system and it has symbiotic associations with the fungi (endo-mycorrhiza). It is not able to fix nitrogen with "any bacteria. The name(s) or string of bacteria include(s) "not applicable ". The vine's flower-morphology is dioecious and is pollinated by bumble bees. Hedera helix is {missing data} and not allelopathic and has no thorns.

Hedera helix thrives in an altitude of 0 to 1500 meters above sea-level (temperate). The minimum temperature is -12°C; optimally between 10 - 22°C. The optimal rainfall is 1600 mm/year. Without irrigation the annual rainfall should be between 600 - 2000mm (L/m²). The optimal soil-pH is between 6.0 - 7.0 in a soil texture of clay. To salt it is a bit tolerant to wind {missing data} and to fire intolerant.

Pests and Diseases

Hedera helix is susceptible to the following pests: . And it's susceptible to the following diseases: (missing data) , , .

Seed Propagation

Seeds are stratificant and can be stored for 24 months. There are approximative 0 seeds/kg. The seeds can be propagated as followed: {missing data}