Araucaria heterophylla

Araucaria heterophylla - Norfolk Island pine


Description and Uses

Araucaria heterophylla (Norfolk Island pine) is a tropical tree from Southern Australia . It is mainly grown for its ornamental crops , which have a long shelf life. The crop is harvested by ground gathering. It starts flowering after 25 - 35 years. The yield will be 500 nuts/tree, but in its top season there will be a yield of timber after 45yrs. Other crop types include; conservation, nut, ornamental, timber, . The seed/nut is used as delicacy . The {missing data} is used as " plant part " with {missing data} (0% - 0%) as its significant phytochemical. There is inapplicable extracted by no extraction method from the tree's {missing data} yielding ? - ? oil. The tree's wood is called Norfolk Island pine and has a density of 420 - 440 kg/m³. Regarding firewood production the tree's growing speed is medium, it's energetic value is 4400 ckal/kg and the wood's drying speed is slow. After 50 years the tree can be totally removed as it reached its commercial and ecological goal. Araucaria heterophylla has a lifespan of 200 years.


Environmental limitations

The tree is 66 meters tall with a crown of 21 meters wide. The tree prefers a planting distance of 1,200 cm and a row distance of 1,200 cm. It is fast growing and intolerant to shade. Araucaria heterophylla has a shallow root-system and it has symbiotic associations with the Claroideoglomus etunicatum and Glomus viscosum fungi (endo-mycorrhiza). It is not able to fix nitrogen with "any bacteria. The name(s) or string of bacteria include(s) "not applicable ". The tree's flower-morphology is dioecious and is pollinated by wind. Araucaria heterophylla is evergreen and a bit allelopathic and has no thorns.

Araucaria heterophylla thrives in an altitude of 0 to 2000 meters above sea-level (tropical). The minimum temperature is -2°C; optimally between 15 - 30°C. The optimal rainfall is 1700 mm/year. Without irrigation the annual rainfall should be between 600 - 2200mm (L/m²). The optimal soil-pH is between 6.0 - 7.0 in a soil texture of sand. To salt it is a bit tolerant to wind very tolerant and to fire tolerant.


Pests and Diseases

Araucaria heterophylla is susceptible to the following pests: . And it's susceptible to the following diseases: Root rot , Red band needle blight , .


Seed Propagation

Seeds are recalcitrant and can be stored for 2 months. There are approximative 7 seeds/kg. The seeds can be propagated as followed:

  • (1) Store harvested seeds in water or in the fruit at room temperature
  • (2) Soak the seeds overnight in warm water before sowing.
  • (3) press the seeds twice its size in the soil soil.

Vertical Photo [+]
Vertical Photo
, - 2018-09-22
Seeds Photo [+]    [Buy Seeds]
Seeds Photo
Rijs, Netherlands - 2019-12-10
Detail Photo [+]    [Mother Plants]
Detail Photo
Ein Gedi, Israel - 2016-08-15
Seedling Photo [+]    [Buy Seedlings]
Seedling Photo
Roodeplaat, South Africa - 2019-12-11
Stem Photo [+]
Stem Photo
Horticus Leiden, Netherlands - 2017-08-17
[Crops Photos] [+]    [Buy Crops]
Crops Photo
Holon, Israel - 2019-12-12
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- Botanical Taxonomy -

Clade  [+]
Order  [+]
Family  [+]
Sub-family  [+]
Species
Common name
Pinopsida
Pinales
Araucariaceae
Araucarioideae
Araucaria heterophylla
Norfolk Island pine
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Parameter Rating
Fruit

Nut

Apiculture

Fodder

Medicinal

Oil

Timber

Grow-speed

Firewood

1.00
 
3.00
 
1.00
 
1.00
 
1.00
 
1.00
 
3.00
 
3.00
 
2.2