Paullinia cupana - Brazilian cocoa

Description and Uses

Paullinia cupana (Brazilian cocoa) is a tropical vine from Colombia & Venezuela . It is mainly grown for its {missing data} crops , which have a {missing data}. The crop is harvested by {missing data}. It starts flowering after 7 - 9 years. The yield will be {missing data}, but in its top season there will be a yield of {missing data}. Other crop types include; ornamental, nut, oil, psychedelic, . The {missing data} is used as {missing data} . The {missing data} is used as " {missing data} " with {missing data} ({missing data} - {missing data}) as its significant phytochemical. There is {missing data} extracted by {missing data} from the vine's {missing data} yielding {missing data} - {missing data} oil. The vine's wood is called {missing data} and has a density of 0 - 0 kg/m³. Regarding firewood production the vine's growing speed is fast, it's energetic value is 0 ckal/kg and the wood's drying speed is {missing data}. After 30 years the vine can be totally removed as it reached its commercial and ecological goal. Paullinia cupana has a lifespan of 60 years.

Environmental limitations

The vine is 20 meters tall with a crown of 1 meters wide. The vine prefers a planting distance of 400 cm and a row distance of 900 cm. It is very fast growing and partial shade tolerant. Paullinia cupana has a deep root-system and it has symbiotic associations with the fungi (endo-mycorrhiza). It is not able to fix nitrogen with "any bacteria. The name(s) or string of bacteria include(s) "not applicable ". The vine's flower-morphology is monoecious and is pollinated by bees. Paullinia cupana is {missing data} and not allelopathic and has no thorns.

Paullinia cupana thrives in an altitude of 1400 to 3000 meters above sea-level (tropical). The minimum temperature is 6°C; optimally between 20 - 22°C. The optimal rainfall is 3450 mm/year. Without irrigation the annual rainfall should be between 2200 - 2500mm (L/m²). The optimal soil-pH is between 4.0 - 5.0 in a soil texture of loam. To salt it is intolerant to wind {missing data} and to fire intolerant.

Pests and Diseases

Paullinia cupana is susceptible to the following pests: . And it's susceptible to the following diseases: (missing data) , , .

Seed Propagation

Seeds are recalcitrant and can be stored for 36 months. There are approximative 13000 seeds/kg. The seeds can be propagated as followed: {missing data}