Description and Uses
Fraxinus excelsior (European Ash) is a
temperate
tree from
North West Europe . It is mainly grown for its
timber crops
, which have a
no shelf life. The crop is harvested by
total removing. It starts flowering after
0 -
0 years. The yield will be
{missing data}, but in its top season there will be a yield of
{missing data}. Other crop types include;
timber, . The
{missing data} is used as
inedible . The
{missing data} is used as "
{missing data} " with
{missing data} ({missing data} -
{missing data}) as its significant
phytochemical. There is
{missing data} extracted by
{missing data} from the
tree's
{missing data} yielding
{missing data} -
{missing data} oil. The
tree's wood is called
{missing data} and has a density of
545 -
545 kg/m³. Regarding firewood production the
tree's growing speed is
fast, it's energetic value is
3200 ckal/kg and the wood's drying speed is
{missing data}. After
20 years the
tree can be totally removed as it reached its commercial and ecological goal.
Fraxinus excelsior has a lifespan of
400 years.
Environmental limitations
The tree is
30 meters tall with a crown of
22 meters wide. The
tree prefers a planting distance of
300 cm and a row distance of
300 cm. It is
very fast growing and
intolerant to shade.
Fraxinus excelsior has a
deep root-system and it has symbiotic associations with the
fungi
(ecto-mycorrhiza). It is
not able to fix nitrogen with
"any bacteria. The name(s) or string of bacteria include(s)
"not applicable ". The
tree's flower-morphology is
dioecious and is pollinated by
wind.
Fraxinus excelsior is
{missing data} and
{missing data} and has
no thorns.
Fraxinus excelsior thrives in an altitude of
0 to
1600 meters above sea-level
(temperate). The minimum temperature is
-12°C; optimally between
5 -
24°C. The optimal rainfall is
1150
mm/year. Without irrigation the annual rainfall should be between
600 -
1100mm (L/m²). The optimal soil-pH is between
5.0 -
8.0 in a soil texture of
loam. To salt it is
a bit tolerant to wind
{missing data} and to fire
{missing data}.
Pests and Diseases
Fraxinus excelsior is susceptible to the following pests:
. And it's susceptible to the following diseases:
(missing data) ,
,
.
Seed Propagation
Seeds are
stratificant and can be stored for
10 months. There are approximative
71000
seeds/kg. The seeds can be propagated as followed:
{missing data}
